Human trials of HIV vaccine begin after partial success in monkeys.
The success of an experimental vaccine trial with rhesus monkeys is motivating a pharmaceutical company to undertake experimental HIV vaccine tests in Thailand, East and South Africa, and the United States of AmericaUS, with 400 healthy participants takingpart in the first phase of the trials.
Scientists say the vaccine protected half of a batch of monkeysagainst the Simian Immunodeficiency Virus, SIV, which is very similar to HIV, the virus that causes AIDS.
This development came to light justasa former researcher at Iowa State University, wasjailed for fraudulently securing millions in fundsfor further research on a potential vaccine for HIV thatturned out to be fake.
Janssen, the pharmaceutical arm of Johnson & Johnson, is testing the vaccine on humans, for the firsttime in eight years since apharmaceutical company lastattempted an experimental HIV vaccine trial on humans.
Researchers are optimistic that if results of the current human study are as good asthe result in the non-human primate test subjects, then alarger scale clinical trial could begin within the next two years.
A studypublished in the journal Science, revealed that monkeys used for the new study received shots of the experimental vaccine and were then injected with SIV, which is very similar to HIV. A total of six injections of SIV were given to the monkeys to find the point where the vaccine would fail.
50%efficacy
The two-step vaccine notonlyprotected half the monkeys, but their bodies produced antibodies that can be measured to show how well-protected the monkeys are.
In step 1, the test subject is given a shot of a weakened cold virus. This allowsthe genes of HIV to enter the body. In step 2, the test subjects received a very pure form of an HIV surface protein. This causes the body’s immune system to strongly react to the invader.
Scientists are hopeful that the experimental vaccine is effective due to the combination of high exposure rate and the number of test subjects that did not get infected during the trial.
One of the doctorsinvolved in the study said that they are not certain the vaccine that is protecting the monkeys will protect humans.
Vaccine holdspromise
But in a statement, Dr. Mary Marovich, who is Director of Vaccine Research at the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, described the new AIDS vaccine as promising.
“I do think that their results are impressive. Even protecting half of the people who are exposed to the viruswould be a major accomplishment. It could ultimatelyend the epidemic when you use it in combination with other measures.”
The relationship between HIV and SIV is complicated. Only people become infected with HIV and the same disease is not caused by SIV that HIV does.
However, they are sufficiently close that they can test vaccines with them and researchers said that the SIV used in the studies was more virulent than what was used in vaccines studies previously carried out.
The researchers also used “SHIV”– a combined virususing HIV and SIV. The vaccine protected more than 40 percent of the monkeys injected.
Researchers have been frustrated for 30 years trying to find an AIDS vaccine. Worldwide, HIV has infected close to 78 million people, with over 39 million already dead and 35 million people have AIDS. Of those 35million, 3.2million are children who received the virus through their infected mothers. With an estimated 3.4million persons living with HIV, and more than 60,000babies born with HIV annually, Nigeria has the 2nd largest burden of HIV in Africa after South Africa
On the future of the experimental vaccine, Vice President of the development of viral vaccines at Janssen, Hanneke Schuitemaker, said the company recognises that work should be on vaccines that can prevent infectious disease.
Scientists chose monkeys for the trial, because their immune systems are similar to humans. Also, HIV has been linked to SIV, which iscarried by monkeys. HIV is actuallya genetic mutation of SIV.
Scientist jailed for fake claim
In a related development, Dong-Pyou Han, who was a researcher at Iowa State University,has been jailed for pretending to have found apotential vaccine for HIV.
Han who resigned as Assistant Professor of Biomedical Sciencesin 2013, after admitting that he had falsified his research, even mixing human antibodieswith rabbit blood samples to make it appear more effective, was charged with falsifying HIV vaccine research, was sentenced to four and a half yearsbehind bars, and ordered to repaymore than $7.2 million that histeam received in using the fake data.
In a statement, aUS attorney for the southern district of Iowa,remaked: “Just because somebody has a PhD, just because someone’s involved in the scientific community, doesn’t mean they’re going to necessarilybe treated differently than anyone else who’s committed a criminal offence.”
North Koreaalso recently reported a miracle cure for HIV, claiming its Supreme Leader Kim Jong-Un had somehow advised scientiststo find the cure for AIDS, cancer and Ebola
The Korean Central News Agency made the claim, asserting that Jung-Un’s scientists had developed a miracle drug, known as Kumdang-2, from ginseng, a plant.
